THEATER essays

THEATER essays How different cultures affected English Theater Theater unites the past and present in a unique cultural experience. Theatre continues to thrive and has become an important subject for study in schools and universities. Reaching back in time and across the world, this ranging new history draws on the latest scholarly research to describe and celebrate theatres greatest achievements over 4,500 years, from festival performances in Egypt to international multicultural theatre in the late twentieth century. English theatre has been changed by different cultures throughout the world. The Father of drama was Thesis of Athens, 535 BC, who created the first actor. The actor performed in intervals between the dancing of the chorus and conversing at times with the leader of the chorus. The tragedy was further developed when new myths became part of the performance, changing the nature of the chorus to a group appropriate to the individual story. Aeschylus added a second actor and a third actor was added by Sophocles, and the number of the chorus was fixed at fifteen. The chorus part was gradually reduced, and the dialogue of the actors became increasingly important. The word chorus meant dance or dancing ground, which was how dance evolved into the drama. Members of the chorus were characters in the play that commented on the action. They drew the audience into the play and reflected the audiences reactions. The Greek philosopher Aristotle, who observed the basic human tendancy to imitate, recognized the origins of Greek theatre in the dithyramb, a hymn sung and danced to honor the god Dionysus. This had evolved from earlier ecstatic dances by female celebrants of shamanism. A chorus of 50 men and related episodes from the gods life performed the dithyramb at annual festivals of Dionysus. The Greeks of Athens invented Western drama. Athenian playwrights used myths and heroic l...

The Suffix -esque

The Suffix -esque The Suffix -esque The Suffix -esque By Maeve Maddox The suffix -esque is frequently used by pop-culture writers who enjoy making adjectives from celebrity names: Paris Hilton dons Madonna-esque fingerless gloves as she takes to the decks in Washington   Never Say Never (sung in Beiber-esque voice, of course) Keith Ford, Looking Very Clooney-esque The suffix -esque means, â€Å"resembling or suggesting the style of.† This is a regular French suffix that corresponds to the English suffix -ish, as in reddish. Four words with this suffix entered English ready-made from French. arabesque: Middle French arabesque was a noun meaning â€Å"the Arabic language.† As an adjective, arabesque meant â€Å"Arabian in character.† Because of the flowing form of Arabic writing, the word came to be used to describe any decorative pattern consisting of flowing, interlacing lines. Example: â€Å"The arabesque pattern occupies the inner and top margin of the page.† burlesque: Another French borrowing, burlesque derives from the Italian word burlesco, â€Å"something that mocks.† As a noun, a burlesque is a genre of writing that mocks a more serious genre. For example, Pope’s â€Å"The Rape of the Lock† is a burlesque of Homer’s Iliad. grotesque: This French spelling was adopted into English about 1640. Its most common use is an adjective meaning, is â€Å"ridiculously ugly or distorted.† Example: De Palma has, like Kubrick, Lynch and Fincher, sought to master the intersection of mesmerizing beauty and grotesque horror.†Ã‚   picaresque: This noun/adjective combination with its French spelling derives from Spanish picaro, â€Å"vagrant, rogue, scoundrel.† The English word refers to a literary genre called the â€Å"picaresque novel.† This type of novel has very little plot as it follows the adventures of a (usually) loveable scoundrel or vagrant. Don Quixote, Tom Jones, and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are picaresque novels. In addition to these four words that entered English as foreign borrowings, we have two more words that combine existing English words with the suffix -esque: picturesque: This word started out as a French borrowingpittoresquebut quickly morphed into picturesque because of the similarity of sound between pittor and picture. It means â€Å"having the qualities of a picture.† Example: â€Å"Fish  Lake Country  Club is a scenic 9-hole public golf course on the shores of  picturesque  Fish Lake just five miles east of Plankinton.† statuesque: The English poet Coleridge may have coined this word on the pattern of picturesque: â€Å"Never did I behold aught so impressively picturesque, or rather statue-esque, as these Groups of Women in all their various attitudes (1799).† Statuesque means, â€Å"having the qualities of a statue; reminiscent of a statue in size, posture, or stillness.† Perhaps the existence of picturesque and statuesque has influenced the use of -esque as an English suffix. Literary and art critics, for example, have a history of applying it to the names of authors and artists. Unlike entertainment writers who tend to hyphenate the suffix, critics write their coinages as one word: â€Å"Through her use of Browningesque dramatic monologues, Ai disturbs settled identities and calls cultural boundaries into question.† To understand this use of Browningesque, one must have read works such as â€Å"My Last Duchess† by the poet Robert Browning. Other examples: Audenesque (like Auden) Caravaggiesque (like Caravaggio) Chaplinesque (like Chaplin) Dickensesque (like Dickens) Disneyesque (like Disney) Macalayesque (like Macalay) Turneresque (like Turner) This awkward and unlovely use of -esque has little to recommend it–unless the intent is to create a grotesque word. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. FurtherOne Fell SwoopThe Two Sounds of G